William g



w. e. CREAMER.

Seat Arm for Railroad Chairs.

Patented Feb; 18, 1868.

.ztitrn tetra strut Him Letters Patent No. 74,510, dated February 18, 1868.

IMPROVED SEATi-ARMS FOR ItAILROAD-GHAIRS.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONOERN:

Be itknown that I, WILLIAM G. OREAMER, of Brooklyn, county of Kings, State of New-York, have invented anew and improved Mode of Constructing and Attaching the Seat-Arms that hold the Backs of the Reversible Seats of Railroad-Cars; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon.

The nature of my invention consists in the mode of attaching seat-arms to the seat-frames, and forming them in such a shape as to prevent the liability of breaking, by a more perfect system of annealing.

To enable others skilled in the arts to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its construe tion and operation.

Railroad-car scat-arms are now commonly made of malleable iron, so called,that is, cast of iron and then annealed. They are usually about five-sixteenths of an inch thick, and of the shape shown in the accompanying drawings, plates 1 and 2. It is a well-known fact in mechanics, that the process of annealing, as usually applied to what are termed malleable castings, seldom penetrates more than one-sixteenth of an inch from the surface; it is also well known that all kinds of malleable castings exceeding an eighth or threc-sixteenths of an inch in thickness are comparatively brittle and unreliable, wliile thin, light castings are tough and ductile, and almost equal to wrought iron.. I I

Malleable-iron seat-arms have always been made of the shape shown in, the drawings, plates 1 and 2, and usually about five-sixteenths of an inch thick, and they have been found so liable to break that many companics have substituted brass and wrought iron, both of which cost more than double'that of malleable iron.

My process of making seat-arms is to make them of the usual shape shown in the drawings, plates 1 and 2, and on one side, shown in plate I, the arm is hollowed out, as shown in sections O D and E F. The opposite side and end of the arm that'attachles to the scat-back are shown in plate 2, letters K L. Section G- II, plate 2, is the obverseof section E F, plate 1. I I

This mode of construction, namely, making all parts of the arm thin, permits the annealing process to penetrate thoroughly; consequently the arm is 'as perfectly strong and reliable as if made of wrought iron or brass.

My methodof attaching the arm to the side of the seat is also new, and is shown by plates 3 and 4. The usual way has been torivet the pivot on which the arm revolves through the arm to a plate, and then screw on the plate to the seat-frame. Very often the rivet is not close up to the arm, or the rivet works loose, which makes a place to catch the fringe of ladies shawls, or other parts of the garments, and this plan is also very troublesome in attaching the backs to the seat-frames, as the whole back has who held while the plates are being screwed on-t0 the frame. Myplan is to cast a pivot on the plate, shown at M, plates 3 and 4. At the end of the scat-arm, plate 1, section A B, is cast an opening, with arecess, N O. The plates, figs. 3 and 4,

are then screwed on to the seat-frame, andthe' arms are screwed to the seat-backs, and then the arms areslipped over thepivots M M, at each end of the seat-frame, and a brass washer, P, plate 4, is let into the recess N O, and a screw, Q, is put through the centre of thepivot into the seat-frame. This plan of attachment, it will be seen, is much moreiperfect-and simplethan the ordinary way.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

The construction of "the pivot plate, with its nipple M and screw Q, in connection with the can-seat arm, the arm being either plain or recessed to receive the head of the screw or washer, all substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.

WILLIAM G. .CHE iMER.

Witnesses James BURGESS, JOSEPH G. Grumman. 

